宾夕法尼亚大学研究生申请条件（如何申请美国八所常青藤大学的硕士学位）

How to Apply to a Master’s Degree from an Ivy League University in the U.S.

如何申请美国常青藤大学的硕士学位

If studying at an Ivy League university in the USA sounds like the holy grail for you, then you know your Master’s degree application is the key that opens it. But like many other students who dream big, you might bea little bit confused and maybe a little bit intimidated by the whole Master’s admission process.

如果在美国的常春藤盟校学习对你来说像是圣杯，那么你知道你的硕士学位申请是打开它的关键但是，和许多其他梦想远大的学生一样，你可能会对整个硕士录取过程感到困惑，也许还有点害怕。

After all, Ivy League universities are the most prestigious higher education institutions in the USA and getting into one of these schools is a highly competitive business. But with good information,you might be one of the brilliant students that will follow in the foot steps of great scientists, politicians, lawyers, humanists and businessmen who have started with a degree at an Ivy League school.

毕竟，常青藤联盟大学是美国最负盛名的高等教育机构，进入这些学校的竞争是非常激烈的。但有个好的消息，你可能会成为追随伟大的科学家、政治家、律师、人文主义者和商人脚步的杰出学生之一，这些人都是从常青藤联盟学校获得学位的。

To help you, we are going to thorough lyexplore what you need to know about applying to a graduate school at some ofthe 8 elite universities in the USA.

为了帮助您，我们将深入探讨您在申请美国 8 所精英大学中的一些研究生院时需要了解的内容。

Masters at Ivy League universities are organized into graduate schools

常青藤联盟大学的硕士被组织成研究生院

Ivy League schools are private universities. When it comes to graduate studies a key thing to remember is thatin most cases you will not apply directly to the university but to one of its graduate schools. Graduate schools are part of the university but only take in Master’s and Ph.D. students.

常春藤盟校是私立大学。说到研究生学习，关键是要记住，在大多数情况下，你不会直接申请大学，而是申请其中的一个研究生院。研究生院是大学的一部分，但只招收硕士和博士学生。

For example, if you want to pursue agraduate degree at Harvard University, you need to first know the subject you want to study and apply to the graduate school that offers a Master’s on that subject. Some examples are:

例如，如果你想在哈佛大学攻读研究生学位，你需要首先知道你想学习的学科，然后申请提供该学科硕士学位的研究生院。一些例子：

Harvard Business School

哈佛商学院

Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences

哈佛文理研究生院

Harvard Graduate School of Education

哈佛教育研究生院

Harvard Law School

哈佛法学院

Harvard Kennedy School

哈佛大学肯尼迪学院

The same applies to Yale University, Columbia University, University of Pennsy lvania or Cornell University which are all IvyLeague schools.

这同样适用于耶鲁大学、哥伦比亚大学、宾夕法尼亚大学或康奈尔大学，它们都是常春藤盟校。

Because these universities do not have acentralized system of graduate studies, each school is responsible forest ablishing their own application procedure and requirements. That is why you should always check the admission details on the web page of the graduate school you want to apply to.

由于这些大学没有一个集中的研究生学习系统，所以每个学院负责建立自己的申请程序和要求。这就是为什么你应该经常在你想申请的研究生院的网页上检查录取细节。

Luckily there are some common points for graduate admissions that apply to most schools. Up next we will look at relevant application information for Harvard, Yale, Columbia, Brown, Dartmouth, Pennsylvania and Cornell.

幸运的是，大多数学校的研究生招生都有一些共同点。接下来我们将介绍哈佛、耶鲁、哥伦比亚、布朗、达特茅斯、宾夕法尼亚和康奈尔大学的相关申请信息。

Application requirements for Ivy League schools

常春藤联盟学校的申请要求

To put it simply, there isn’t a single magic formula to apply to an elite American school. Students who get accepted come from diverse academic and cultural backgrounds, but it is ultimately up to each Admissions Committee to evaluate if there’s a right mix between your goals, academic record, and experience and what the university has to offer.

简单地说，申请美国精英学校并没有唯一的魔法公式。被录取的学生来自不同的学术和文化背景，但最终还是要由每个招生委员会来评估你的目标、学术记录和经历与学校提供的东西是否吻合。

In general, you need the following in order to be eligible to apply to a graduate program at an Ivy League school:

一般来说，你需要具备以下条件才能有资格申请常春藤盟校的研究生课程：

the equivalent of a U.S. bachelor's degree

相当于美国的学士学位

transcripts from all undergraduate and graduate academic institutions you have attended (GPA included)

你参加过的所有本科和研究生学术机构的成绩单（包括GPA）

proof of English proficiency (TOEFL, IELTS, PTE)

英语能力证明（托福，雅思，PTE）

Standardized test scores (GMAT, GRE, LSAT)

标准化考试成绩（GMAT, GRE,LSAT）

3 Letters of recommendation

3封推荐信

Personal statement

个人陈述

Resume/ CV

简历

Non-refundable application fee

不可退还的申请费

Okay, these requirements are pretty much the same as at many universities around the world. So, what’s so special about applying to Ivy League universities? Well, they usually accept only students that have the highest test scores and language tests. Here are the average scores for accepted students:

这些要求和世界上许多大学的要求差不多。那么，申请常春藤盟校有什么特别之处呢？他们通常只接受考试成绩和语言测试最好的学生。以下是被录取学生的平均分数:

Average GPA: 3.71 on a 4.0 scale

平均成绩：3.71分/4.0分

TOEFL: 100 or higher on the Internet-based TOEFL test

托福：托福成绩不低于100分

7.5 or higher on the IELTS test

雅思成绩7.5分或以上

GRE average scores ranges: 155- 170 for all subjects

GRE各科平均分155- 170分

LSAT: 173 and higher

LSAT: 173或更高

MCAT: 36.6 and higher

MCAT: 36.6或更高

While most universities are happy with oneor two recommendation letters, Ivy League schools want three of them – from individuals in academia or other professional sectors who know you well and cantell us about your qualifications for our programs.

虽然大多数大学只收到一到两封推荐信就很满意了，但常春藤盟校希望收到三封推荐信，来自学术界或其他专业领域的个人，他们非常了解你，并能告诉我们你是否符合我们的项目要求。

How to apply to a Master’s degree at Harvard?

如何申请哈佛的硕士学位?

While you will find the above requirements with pretty much every Master’s degree application at Harvard, there are also special requirements depending on the subject. These include:

虽然你会发现，几乎每个哈佛硕士学位申请都有上述要求，但根据学科的不同，也有特殊要求。这些包括：

If you go for graduate studies in Humanities, Social Sciences, Journalism and the like, one requirement will be writingan essay which answers a specific question. Here are some examples of essay questions used in the past by Harvard:

如果你要读人文、社会科学、新闻学等专业的研究生，其中一个要求就是写一篇回答特定问题的文章。下面是一些过去哈佛大学使用过的论述题的例子:

As we review your application, what more would you like us to know as we consider your candidacy for the Harvard Business School MBA program?

在我们审核你申请我们哈佛商学院MBA课程候选人资格时，你还希望我们了解什么？

The Harvard Kennedy School motto, echoing the President for whom the School is named, is “Ask what you can do.” Please share with the Admissions Committee your plans to create positive change through your public leadership and service.

哈佛肯尼迪学院的座右铭是“问你能做什么”，这与给学校命名的校长相呼应。请与招生委员会分享您通过公共领导和服务创造积极变化的计划。

Apart from topic essays, some grad schools also ask for both a personal history essay (talk about yourself including past studies and experiences), an optional statement (talks about you study and careers goals and how they match the programme you are applying to).

除了主题论文，一些研究生院还要求申请者写一篇个人历史论文（谈谈你自己，包括过去的学习和经历），一份可选陈述（谈谈你的学习和职业目标，以及它们与你申请的项目的匹配程度）。

Professional experience and portfolio

专业经验及作品集

Especially for graduate studies in Business, Engineering, Design and Architecture, Harvard Grad Schools only accept applicants that have at least 2 years professional experience and/ or aport folio. Naturally, your experience should be related to the subject you want to pursue.

特别是对于商业、工程、设计和建筑专业的研究生，哈佛研究生院只接受至少有2年专业经验和/或作品集的申请人。当然，你的经历应该与你想要追求的主题相关。

Interview and post-interview reflection

面试和面试后的反思

Depending on the school, you might also be invited to an interview. But that’s not all. Harvard also has a post-interview reflection. This means that within 24 hours of the interview, you are required to submit a written reflection through the online application system.

根据学校的不同，你也可能会被邀请参加面试。但这还不是全部。哈佛大学也有面试后的反思。这意味着在面试的24小时内，你需要通过在线申请系统提交一份书面反映。

How to apply to a Master’s at Yale University?

如何申请耶鲁大学的硕士学位?

Unlike Harvard, Yale graduate schools onlyhave a few Masters available and tend to favour Ph.D. programs more. However,if you are not ready for doctoral study, there are still some options for youat Yale. Here’s what’s special about graduate admissions at Yale.

与哈佛不同，耶鲁的研究生院只有很少的硕士学位，而且更倾向于博士课程。然而，如果你还没有准备好攻读博士学位，耶鲁大学仍然为你提供了一些选择。以下是耶鲁大学研究生招生的特别之处。

Test scores

考试成绩

At Yale, the GMAT is usually only required for Ph.D. admissions. Also, the score accepted for different standardized schools varies according to programme. Surely, there must be one Master’s where your test scores are good enough.

在耶鲁大学，GMAT通常只在攻读博士学位时才需要。此外，不同的标准化考试学校接受的分数也因课程的不同而不同。当然，你的考试成绩足够好时，你一定有一个硕士学位。

Essays, portfolios, and research proposals

论文、作品集和研究计划

Depending on the school or subject, you will be required to add some essays or a portfolio to your application. Essay sare frequently required for Journalism, Humanities and Social Sciences focus.Portfolios are common in Architecture and Design. Also, most M. Res and M. Ed.programs ask that you also include a research proposal.

根据学校或学科的不同，你将被要求添加一些论文或作品集到你的申请中。新闻、人文和社会科学专业经常需要论文。项目组合在架构和设计中很常见。而且，大多数硕士和教育学硕士课程要求你也提交一份研究计划。

How to apply to a Master’s at Columbia University?

如何申请哥伦比亚大学的硕士学位?

General requirements apply of course, but let’s see what sets Columbia University apart when it comes to the Master’s application process.

申请要求一般是差不多的，但是让我们看看哥伦比亚大学在硕士申请过程中有什么与众不同之处。

Test Scores

考试成绩

While a GRE is usually required, for certain subject areas you need a special GRE score. For example, studying Applied Physics requires an official GRE Physics Subject Test Score.

虽然GRE是必需的，但对于某些学科，你需要一个特殊的GRE分数。例如，学习应用物理需要一个正式的GRE物理科目测试成绩。

Another aspect is that not all graduate programs require GMAT scores. MBA, for example, require it. Some Masters also include an interview in the application process so get ready to impress them face to face or via video.

另一方面，并不是所有的研究生课程都要求GMAT分数。例如，MBA就需要它。有些硕士在申请过程中还包括面试，所以准备好面对面或通过视频给他们留下深刻印象吧。

Sample of writing and essays

写作作品和论文

Humanities and Journalism degrees will include a writing tests, written work samples together with general essays on personal and professional interests and specialization essays. Sounds like alot of writing, but there’s an upside. Most degrees that are not STEM or Business related don’t require your GRE (it is optional).

人文和新闻专业的学位将包括写作测试、写作样本、关于个人和职业兴趣的一般性论文以及专业论文。听起来要写很多东西，但也有好的一面。大多数非STEM或与商业相关的学位不需要你的GRE（它是可选的）。

How to apply to a Master’s at Dartmouth College?

如何申请达特茅斯学院的硕士学位?

Like the other universities, the application to a graduate degree at Dartmouth College includesthe usual suspects: undergraduate transcripts, three letters of recommendation,and scores from the General Test of the Graduate Record Examinations (GRE). But application requirements also vary by program. Here is what is special aboutgraduate applications at Dartmouth:

和其他大学一样，达特茅斯学院的研究生学位申请包括常见的问题：本科生成绩单、三封推荐信和GRE成绩。但申请要求也因项目而异。以下是达特茅斯大学研究生申请的特别之处：

Recommendation letters and writing samples

推荐信和写作作品

Dartmouth is very keen about you getting the recommendations from scientists in either academic or industrial positions, preferably including letters from research advisers. It’s time to do somenet working in the scientific community if you want in!

达特茅斯非常希望你能从学术或工业领域的科学家那里得到推荐信，最好包括研究顾问的推荐信。如果你想加入科学界，现在是时候建立一些社交网络了。

Another frequent requirement is a writing sample which is a scholarly essay or excerpt of an essay and/or an essay answering one or more questions.

另一个常见的要求是写作作品，这是一个学术论文或摘录的文章或回答一个或多个问题的文章。

Test scores

考试成绩

Like the Columbia University, Dartmouth likes special GRE scores, such as a GRE including Chemistry testing. They alsostrongly recommend the Test of Spoken English (TSE) along with IELTS or TOEFL,if you are a foreign student.

和哥伦比亚大学一样，达特茅斯大学也喜欢特殊的GRE分数，比如包含化学测试的GRE。如果你是外国学生，他们也强烈推荐你参加英语口语考试（TSE）和雅思或托福。

How to apply to the University of Pennsylvania?

如何申请宾夕法尼亚大学？

Because graduate admissions at Penn are not centralized,all applications go to the graduate schools. Moving past the general Master’s application requirements, you should keep an eye on the next specific aspects:

因为宾大的研究生招生不是集中的，所以所有的申请都进入了研究生院。除了一般的硕士申请要求，你应该关注下一个具体方面：

Writing samples, portfolios, research proposals

作品集，档案，研究计划

Portfolios, writing samples and research proposals are quite common with most Master’s degrees. Some graduate programs have essay questions like:

作品集，档案，研究计划在大多数硕士学位中都很常见。一些研究生课程有以下的论文题目：

How do you expect to apply the expertise you would gain in the Master of Chemical Sciences programme?

你希望如何应用你在化学科学硕士项目中获得的专业知识？

Test scores

考试成绩

At Penn GRE scores are required for allapplicants. No exception. Also, while they say there is no minimum GRE or TOEFL score requirement, this is still an Ivy League school. They will expect to pachievers to apply.

在宾夕法尼亚大学，所有申请者都要求GRE成绩。不例外。此外，虽然他们说没有GRE或托福分数的最低要求，但这仍然是一所常春藤盟校。他们会期望取得最高成就的人来申请。

Plus, unless you graduated from another programme in the USA, you will need to submit TOEFL exam scores to demonstrate English proficiency, even if you have an English-taught degree from some whereelse.

另外，除非你毕业于美国的其他课程，否则你需要提交托福考试成绩来证明英语能力，即使你有其他地方的英语授课学位。

How to apply to Brown University?

如何申请布朗大学?

Brown University's Graduate School offers 33 master’s programmes, including those from the School of Engineering, the School of Public Health, and the School of Professional Studies.

布朗大学研究生院提供33个硕士课程，包括工程学院、公共卫生学院和职业研究学院的课程。

Writing samples and no GRE

作品集，不需要GRE成绩

Apart from the general admission requirements what sets Brown apart in terms of graduate admission process is the writing samples and the fact that GRE scores are not necessary for Liberal Arts, and most Social Sciences and Humanities degrees. The writing sample is usually something that has to do with you study area.

除了一般的入学要求之外，布朗大学在研究生入学过程中的独特之处是作品集，以及GRE分数对文科和大多数社会科学和人文学科学位来说不是必需的。作品集通常与你的学习领域有关。