公考晨读笔记怎么做

十一月晨读 Good-bye, Mr. Chips ，通过精读文学作品，积累实用表达。这次的晨读笔记，我打算每天总结 五个 最重要或我最想记住的语言点。虽然不多，但要彻底内化。Excelsior!

11.12 Chapter 1 & 2

1. be getting on in years

(1) 原文：When you are getting on in years (but not ill, of course), you get very sleepy at times, and the hours seem to pass like lazy cattle moving across a landscape.

(2) 解释：渐渐老了、上了年纪

(3) 造句：When our parents are getting on in years , we should take more care of them.

2. 否定副词 rarely 放在句首，主谓倒装

(1) 原文： Rarely did he read more than a page of it before sleep came swiftly and peacefully, more like a mystic intensifying of perception than any changeful entrance into another world.

(2) 正常语序： He rarely read (/red/) more than a page of it...

(3) 造句：Rarely would we say like this in Chinese.

3. if

(1) 原文：

① You're one of the few lucky ones who’re going to die a really natural death . That is, of course, if you die at all . You’re such a remarkable old boy that one never knows.

② All that fuss about mixing the tea--a typical bachelor, if ever there was one.

(2) 解释：如果...的话

(3) 造句：I could teach you the accordion, if you would like to learn at all.

4. 倒装和强调

(1) 原文：But Brookfield he had liked , almost from the beginning *.

(2) 解释：英文句子的首和尾为重要位置。这里将Brookfield提前至句首，表示强调。had使用斜体，亦表示强调，需要重读。

(3) 造句：I've been learning music for more than twenty years. But the accordion I have liked, almost from the beginning.

*注：from the beginning 与 at the beginning 不同，前者表示从一开始就，后者表示在开始的时候。

5. take up

(1) 原文： Take up a firm attitude from the beginning, that's the secret of it.

(2) 解释和造句

① 采取：I should take up a positive attitude from the beginning.

② 接受：I'd like to get up at six every day to take up a challenge in the morning reading group.

③ 担任：She has the strength to take up the mantle of marketing manager.

11.13 Chapter 3 & 4

1. touch sb's cap(s) to sb

(1) 原文：He liked to smile and exchange a few words with the boys when they touched their caps to him .

(2) 解释：= hats off to sb./ I take my hat off to 表达敬意

(3) 造句：When the Chinese astronauts returned to earth from space, I touched my cap to / took my hat off to them.

(4) 一起记忆： pat sb. on the back / give sb. a pat on the back = encourage sb.

造句：If you feel depressed, give yourself a pat on the back .

2. （过去）进行时的用法

(1) 原文：

① And Chips also would be making his comments to Mrs. Wickett when she entered his room to clear away the remains of the party.

② Will you be wanting anything else, sir

(2) 解释：

① 进行时更有画面感

② 进行时、过去时和过去进行时比现在时更委婉

(3) 造句：

① I 'm gonna leaving tomorrow morning.

② I was wondering when I would receive the goods.

3. taste

(1) 原文：His room was furnished simply and with schoolmasterly taste .

(2) 解释：（老师的）味道、（教员喜爱的）风格；kind of things that someone likes; judgment

(3) 造句：Her office was furnished beautifully and with musicianly taste .

4. 放在句中的 despite 和 however

(1) 原文：He was not, despite his long years of assiduous teaching, a very profound classical scholar.

(2) 解释：句首和句尾的位置可留给更重要的信息，表示转折词放在句中还可淡化转折的意味

(3) 造句：They have to break up, despite they still love each other.

5. quite a / quite some

(1) 原文： Quite a character, the old boy, isn't he

(2) 解释：used before a none for emphasizing that sth. is unusual or interesting

(3) 造句： Quite a surprise, isn't it

11.14 Chapter 5 & 6

1. take sth. up

(1) 原文：And there was this new craze for bicycling which was being taken up by women equally with men.

(2) 造句：There was this new craze for skateboarding which was being taken up by girls equally with boys.

(3) 解释： be taken up = be attracted to

take sth. up : to become interested in a new activity and to spend time doing it

2. it was a hard job + doing (动名词)

(1) 原文：She and her friend had to. He could scarcely walk, and it was a hard job getting him down the steep track to Wasdale.

(2) 解释：这里 getting him down... 是 it 的同位语

(3) 造句： It is a hard job recording chamber music in a poor acoustical room.

3. 冠词倒置

(1) 原文：... which one it was that had performed so signal a service .

(2) 解释：冠词通常用在形容词前面，如 a beautiful girl，但也有几个例外：

① 不定冠词倒置的情况 ：当单数的可数名词前面的形容词又有 so, as, how, however, too 修饰时，不定冠词只能置于形容词后面; 遇到 quite 和 rather 时, 多半置于其后; 遇到 such, many 和感叹句中的 what 时，只能置于其后。

② 定冠词倒置的情况 ：定冠词遇到 all, both, quite, half, twice, double, three times 等词语时, 通常后置。

(3) 造句：I've obtained so precise a result by trial and error.

4. 所有格+动名词

(1) 原文：It would be all right, of course, her coming to Brookfield.

(2) 解释：“所有格+动名词”是更正规的用法，在口语里也常将所有格替换成主格，即 she coming to，但非正式。

(3) 造句：I'm so happy your taking part in our English learning group.

5. think of it like that / see in sb.

(1) 原文：Chips said he hadn't thought of it like that – or, at least, not often. He did his best; that was all anyone could do in any job.

(2) 拓展： see in sb. 看上某人

(3) 造句：I haven't thought of it like that . What do you see in him

11.15 Chapter 7 & 8

1. howler

(1) 原文：Katherine scampering along the stone corridors, laughing beside him at some ' howler 'in an essay he was marking, taking the ’cello part in a Mozart trio for the School concert.

(2) 解释：低级错误 a stupid mistake that makes people laugh = blunder (a careless or stupid mistake)

(3) 造句：Don't make outrageous howler s.

2. leniency, forgiving, severity 对比记忆

(1) 原文：But she had not always pleaded for leniency . On rather rare occasions she urged severity where Chips was inclined to be forgiving .

(2) 解释：

① leniency 和 forgiving 表示宽恕、饶恕；对比记忆 severity 严厉

② where 在这里表示在……的情况下

(3) 拓展：pleaded for leniency 表示请求宽恕，plead 和 act cute 都可以表示撒娇

3. cocksure of oneself

(1) 原文：He's too cocksure of himself .

(2) 解释：自以为是

(3) 造句：I don't like her at all, because she's too cocksure of herself .

4. have it

(1) 原文： If he's looking for trouble I should certainly let him have it .

(2) 解释：if 表示既然……；look for = ask for，也可说 sth. invites trouble；have it 表示吃苦头；

(3) 造句： If you're looking/asking for trouble I'm gonna let you have it .

5. treasure, better 作动词

(1) 原文：

① ... and if that were so, what a crowd of emotions clung to him as to their last home before annihilation! He must be kind to them, must treasure them in his mind before their long sleep

② about 1880, after he had been at Brookfield a decade, he began to recognise that the odds were heavily against his being able to better himself by moving elsewhere

(2) 解释：

① treasure: to keep and care for something that is very special, important, or valuable to you

treasure 在这里作为及物动词表示珍藏，它作名词时表示珍宝；类比 prize 作名词表示奖品，作及物动词表示珍视

② better oneself 在这里表示提高自己的地位或收入；类比 improve oneself 表示提高自己的学识水平

(3) 造句：

① I treasure the book that my friend has given me.

② I'll try my best to better myself in my workplace.

11.16 Chapter 9 & 10

1. otherwise

(1) 原文：He thought at first he would give up his housemastership, but the Head persuaded him otherwise .

(2) 解释：say / think / decide etc otherwise, to say, think, or decide sth. different

(3) 造句：Some people think reciting is really important for English leaning, but others think otherwise .

2. (just) as... so (to)...

(1) 原文： Just as marriage had added something, so did bereavement.

(2) 解释：正如……

(3) 造句： As she likes reading, so he likes writing.

3. be sandwiched between/in sb./sth.

(1) 原文：And on windy days with gown and white hair and School-list fluttering in uproarious confusion, the whole thing became a comic turn sandwiched between afternoon games and the return to classes.

(2) 解释：sandwich 作动词表示被夹在……中间

(3) 造句：Lucy is sandwiched between her husband and her mother-in-law every day.

4. clear 作动词

(1) 原文：And behind Brookfield, as one may glimpse a mountain behind another mountain when the mist clears , he saw the world of change and conflict.

(2) 解释：消散、放晴

(3) 造句：After the haze clear ed, Dad took me on excursions.

5. get away with it

(1) 原文：He gets away with it.

(2) 解释：做坏事（错事）而不受处分

(3) 造句：Don't let the criminals get away with it .

11.19 Chapter 11

1. turn

(1) 原文：Then suddenly, in 1908, when he had just turned sixty , came Ralston's urbane ultimatum.

(2) 解释：turned 在这里作及物动词表示到（某个年龄或时间），即刚过六十岁

(3) 拓展： turning point 转折点

(4) 造句：It's just turned 6 o'clock. I want to sleep a little longer.

2. nevertheless

(1) 原文： Nevertheless , I suggest that you do.

(2) 解释：= that said / that being said 尽管如此，然而

(3) 造句： Nevertheless , what he said is true.

(4) 注意：nevertheless 的重音在后，即 / nev r les/。

3. a torrent of sth.

(1) 原文：And suddenly, in a torrent of thoughts too pressing to be put into words, Chips made answer to himself.

(2) 解释：一连串的…… 这里表示思绪万千

(3) 造句：I poured out a torrent of German because I thought the young man is a German.

4. put into words

(1) 原文：And suddenly, in a torrent of thoughts too pressing to be put into words , Chips made answer to himself.

(2) 解释：用语言表达

(3) 造句：It's hard to put into words , but you could comprehend it through the context.

5. d uck and d ustman 头韵和借代

(1) 原文：but instead of widening them to form a genuine inclusive d emocracy of d uke and d ustman , ...

(2) 解释：duke的本义是公爵，这里指贵族；dustman的本义是清洁工，这里指平民。

(3) 拓展：Justin 在 I am a low-class member 一文中写道：I never forgot or attempted to ditch this part of my identity. I treat everyone equally, be him p resident or p lumber .

(4) 造句：I treat every student equally, be his parents d uck or d ustman / p resident or p lumber .

11.20 Chapter 12 & 13

1. have an effect

(1) 原文：... and Ralston's straight words had, in some ways, had an effect .

(2) 解释：有影响

(3) 拓展： take sth. to heart 往心里去

(4) 造句：His words of comfort had an effect . Don't take the harsh criticism to heart .

2. decent / decently

(1) 原文：He felt that it would not be fair to hang on if he could not decently do his job.

(2) 解释：decent 可以表示体面的，例如 a decent job；它也可以表示许多的 a decent number of = a great number of = a lot of

(3) 造句： A decent number of people admire Tom for his decent job, but he doesn't like it at all.

3. xx years one's junior / senior

(1) 原文：Staefel was thirty years his junior , but the two men got on excellently .

(2) 解释：比...年轻/年长...岁

(3) 拓展：“get on excellently 相处的极好”可与“ hit it off 一拍即合” 一起记忆；get on with sb. 表示和...友好相处

(4) 造句：Tom is ten years Jerry's senior , but they get on excellently .

4. dine with sb.

(1) 原文：once a term he dined with the Head, and once also with the masters.

(2) 解释：to eat dinner with sb. (formal)

(3) 拓展： dine and dash 吃霸王餐； dine out 外出用餐

(4) 造句：Eric dined with his foreign friends yesterday and they talked about the funny phrase " dine and dash ", which means making off without payment.

5. know the ropes

(1) 原文：You look pretty fit, and, of course, you know all the ropes .

(2) 解释：知道内情

(3) 造句：After talking to him I 've known the ropes .

11.21 Chapter 14 & 15

1. tax

(1) 原文：He felt very fit, and the actual work was not taxing .

(2) 解释：tax作动词可以表示使用尽、耗尽；taxing在这里作形容词表示使人疲劳

(3) 造句：My work is challenging but not taxing .

2. fluke

(1) 原文：I'm like all these new colonels and majors you see everywhere – just a war-time fluke .

(2) 解释：侥幸、意外（之喜）

(3) 造句：This result is something of a fluke .

3. It's a given...

(1) 解释：在口语中常用，表示理所当然的

(2) 造句： It's a given that we should pay for knowledge.

4. reverberate

(1) 原文：So he went on with his Latin, speaking a little louder amidst the reverberating crashes of the guns and the shrill whine of anti- aircraft shells.

(2) 解释：reverb 表示混响；reverberate 可以表示回响、回荡，也可以表示震荡，文中用了后面一层意思

(3) 造句：The words of my high school teachers still reverberate/echo in my ears.

5. give sb. a chill

(1) 原文：It had been a damp, foggy day, and the walk across the quadrangle to the dining-hall had given him a chill .

(2) 解释：我们可以用 give sb. chills/goosebumps 表示因惊吓使某人起鸡皮疙瘩，芒刺在背

(3) 造句：Making an exhibition of myself often gives me chills/goosebumps .

11.22 Chapter 16 & 17

1. chance

(1) 原文：He had once tried it, but had chanced to strike the Riviera during one of its carefully unadvertised cold spells .

(2) 解释：chance在这里作动词，chance to do sth. 表示碰巧发生

(3) 拓展：chances are 在口语中极其常用

(4) 造句：

① He chanced to be passing when she came out of her office.

② Chances are I would have been late even if I had left on time.

2. apart from

(1) 原文： Apart from the weather, which suited him, there were the continual visits of old boys.

(2) 解释：apart form 表示除了，常见的表达还有expect, besides, other than , on top of , save

(3) 造句： Apart from / Other than / On top of a few words, I do not know any Japanese at all.

3. done

(1) 原文：And, for that matter, the things he had not done , and would never do now that he had left them too late...

(2) 拓展：been there and done that 在口语中很常用

(3) 造句：Since I've been there and done that , I could understand you very well.

4. cap

(1) 原文：And it amused him to cap their joke, as it were , with one of his own.

(2) 解释：超过（以反击）；as it were = so to speak

(3) 造句：Every time I pulled his leg, he tried to cap it.

5. fog-laden

(1) 原文：Over the fog-laden air came the bell for call-over, tremulous and muffled.

(2) 解释：雾气弥漫的

(3) 拓展：表达“充满的”除了用laden，还可以用studded, filled等

(4) 造句：Because of the fog-laden air Zhuge Liang used the stratagem of Borrowing Your Enemy's Arrows.

11.23 Chapter 18

1. throw

(1) 原文：Merely that you threw a faint .

(2) 解释：threw a faint = fall down in a faint = faint = pass out

(3) 拓展：与throw有关的地道表达

throw racial slurs at sb.

throw a tantrum/(hissy) fit 发飙

throw a game 故意输掉游戏

throw a party 举办一次聚会

(4) 造句：My nephew throws a tantrum/fit when he can't have the toy he likes.

2. if you feel inclined

(1) 原文：Sleep again if you feel inclined.

(2) 解释：= if you feel like doing it

(3) 造句：Write an After-Action Review if you feel inclined .

3. in-between

(1) 原文：It was a sort of in-between state, full of dreams and faces and voices.

(2) 解释：介于两者之间的

(3) 造句：He is at the in-between age, neither a boy nor a man.

4. scrap

(1) 原文：Old scenes and old scraps of tunes...

(2) 解释：碎片、零星

(3) 拓展：scrap作动词可以表示废除、叫停

(4) 造句：

① Since I wrote her cell phone number on a scrap of paper, I can't find it now.

② The D&G's show was scrapped because Gabbana threw racial slurs at China.

5. manage to do sth.

(1) 原文：... but he managed to murmur something...

(2) 解释：设法做成某事

(3) 拓展：easy to manage 好打理

(4) 造句：I have my own goal and manage to make it.

［注释］

（1）坤卦上、下卦皆坤，坤的卦象是地；下地为低、上地为高，高下形成地的形貌，即势；坤性为顺，故曰“地势坤”。

（2）“厚”，这里有增进、增厚的意思。重坤为厚，坤顺为德，地直、大、方，可承载万物，故曰“君子以厚德载物”。“厚德载物”指出了大地容纳万物、生长万物、保护万物的德性。

［参考译文］

坤卦象征着地，君子应像大地那样，有着宽厚、和顺的德性而容载万物。

［解读］

（乾卦）象曰：“天行健，君子以自强不息”；（坤卦）象曰：“地势坤，君子以厚德载物”。这两句话已经是千古名句，清华大学校训为：“自强不息，厚德载物”即源自于此。

地厚兼容并生，无所不育；德厚斯载万民，泽及庶众。《后汉书·皇后纪赞》：“坤惟厚载，阴正乎内。”厚德载物，又作厚德载福。《国语·晋六》：“吾闻之，唯厚德者能受多福，无德而服者众，必自伤也。”法国文学大师雨果说：“世界上最宽阔的是海洋，比海洋更宽阔的是天空，比天空更宽阔的是人的胸怀。”学大地精神，胸怀博大，有一颗宽容、包容之心，要知道处世让一步为高，退步即是进步。“尺蠖之屈，以求伸也”就是这个道理。待人宽一分是福，利人也是利己，古今中外越睿智的人，就越大度能容，故，干大事者能得人心，能不断壮大。

君子法天，刚健中正，自强不息；君子法地，柔顺利贞，厚德载物。