人们为什么工作英文全文以及翻译

因为人体内部并没有一种体能储存器，

使用一点就会少一点。

衡量一个人能力的

标准在于他的行动和控制行动的能力，

并取得可以声称属于自己的、

看得见摸得

着的成绩。

Just watch an employee who must deal with countless other people because his or her

job

is

at

some

central

point

in

a

communications

network:

a

salesman

at

a

busy

counter,

a

stock

broker

on

the

phone,

a

customer

representative.

They

will

tell

you

how

much

skill

and

experience

it

takes

to

field

countless

questions

and

handle

a

welter of diverse personalities every hour of the day. Not everyone can interact with

such

persistence

and

over

long

hours,

but

those

who

do,

pride

themselves

in

a

distinctive ability that contributes mightily to the running of the organization.

看一看这样一位雇员，

他或她因为工作处于某个交流网络的核心，

必须与数不清

的人打交道，

比如繁忙的柜台后的售货员，

接听电话的证券经纪人或客户代理商。

他们会告诉你每日里要圆满地解答数不清的问题、

接待难以数计的不同客户，

这

需要多少技巧和经验。并不是所有的人都可以长期如此有耐心地从事这项工作，

但那些做到的人，

就会为自己的这一特殊能力而骄傲——这种能力为整个机构的

运作作出了巨大贡献。

But work is more than accomplishment and pride in being able to command the job,

because except for a few artisans and artists most work takes place "out in the world,"

with and through other people.

不过，

工作不仅仅意味着成就和能驾驭这份工作的自豪感，

因为除了少数的工匠

和艺术家外，

大部分的工作都是与他人合作并通过他人

“在外面的世界里”

进行

的。

Esprit de corps

团队精神

Perhaps an example will make the point:

或许一个例子能说明这一点：

I

remember

viewing

a

half

dozen

men

in

a

chair

factory

whose

job

it

was

to

bend

several pieces of steel and attach them so that a bridge chair would result. While there

were ten or twelve of these "teams" that worked together, one in particular was known

for its perfect coordination and lightning-like efforts. The men knew they were good.

They would work in spurts for twenty or thirty minutes before taking a break

－

to

show themselves, bystanders and other groups what it was to be superbly skilled and

self-controlled, to be the best in the factory.

我记得曾在一家制椅厂看到六个工人，他们的工作是将一些钢片弄弯并装上去，

这样一把桥牌椅就完工了。在该工厂里这样一起工作的“团队”有十或十二个，

其中有一个特别出名地配合娴熟、

迅速敏捷。

他们知道自己是优秀的，

会一股劲

地干上二十或三十分钟然后休息一下，

向旁观者和其他组显示一下什么是精湛的

技艺和良好的自制力，

什么是厂里的佼佼者。

When I talked with them, each expressed enormous pride in being a part of the fastest,

best

team.

And

this

sense

of

belonging

to

an

accomplished

work

group

that

both

outsiders and insiders recognize can handle itself with extreme virtuosity is one of the

distinctive satisfactions of the world of work. It is the same esprit de corps one can

see in the military, where men will make enormous sacrifices to help their buddies to

whom they have developed strong loyalties and who comprise the best darn outfit in

the field.

当我同他们交谈时，

每个人在言语之间都为自己是最好最快的一个团队成员而感

到极大的自豪。

这种属于一个内外都得到承认的成功团队的感觉，

是劳动的世界

带来的特殊的令人满意之处之一。

在军队里我们同样可以找到这种团队精神，

战

友们之间相互忠诚，组成了“战场上最好的组合”

，为了帮助自己的战友他们会

作出巨大的牺牲。

There is

little satisfaction to

be derived from

being part of the inept, uncoordinated

"team" that is always last in the formal or informal competition.

属于无论在正式或非正式的竞争中都是最后的懒散的、缺乏默契的“团队”

，就

很少会得到这种满足感。

Just

as

in

athletics,

a

winning

team

produces

a

variety

of

social

supports

and

satisfactions.

It

is

both

exciting

and

reassuring

to

be

caught

up

in

a

network

of

friendships in which people can congratulate each other (and be admired and even a

little

envied

by

outsiders)

for

their

competence,

know-how

and

productivity.

In

a

sense

success

breeds

success;

the

successful

group

becomes

more

unified

because

people

want

to

be

associated

with

it

and

value

their

membership

in

the

group.

The

bonds

that

hold

the

individual

to

the

work

group

also

are

responsible

for

its

effectiveness: cohesive groups more easily solve the problems of interdependence and

cooperation than do the disunited or those which have little hold on their members.

如同在体育运动中，

一个获胜的队伍会带来各种各样的社会支持与满足感。

如果

能够身处于一个友谊的网络中，

在那里成员间互相为对方的能力、

技术和效率而

高兴（并让外人羡慕甚至嫉妒）

；这会令人兴奋、充满信心。从某种意义上说，

成功带来了更多的成功；

成功的团队会越来越团结一致，

因为人们愿意成为其中

一员并珍视这种成员资格。

连系个人与团队间的纽带也是团队效率的一个制约因

素。联系紧密的团队比之一盘散沙的团队更容易解决那些相互依存和合作的问

题。

One further word about work group satisfactions. Unlike many other aspects of life,

relationships

among

people

at

work

tend

to

be

simple,

less

complicated,

somewhat

less

emotional.

This

is

not

to

say

there

aren't

arguments

and

jealousies,

but,

on

the

whole,

behavioral

research

discloses

that

human

relations

at

work

are

just

easier,

perhaps because they are more regular and predictable and thus simpler to adjust to

than the sporadic, the more intense and less regular relationships in the community.

And the work group also gently pressures its members to learn how to adjust to one

another so that the "rough edges" are worked off because people know they must do

certain things with and through one another each day.

关于从团队协作中获得满足感还有另外一点。

与生活的众多其它方面不同，

工作

中的人际关系会更简单、不那么复杂、少一些感情色彩。这并不是说，工作中人

际间没有争论与嫉妒，而是说按照行为学研究揭示

的，工作中的人际关系更容

易处理，因为较之生活中那些偶然、紧张、没有规律的人际关系，工作中的关系

总体而言更显得有规律并可预见，

因而也就容易适应。

而团队也对每个成员有一

些压力，使得他们学会相互适应，磨掉各自的“棱角”

，因为他们知道自己每天

都必须与他人协作并通过相互的努力来做某些事情。

Beyond the team and the work group, there is the organization, whether it be company

or

hospital

or

university.

The

same

pride

in

being

part

of

a

well-coordinated,

successful

unit

is

derived

from

being

part

of

a

large

collectivity.

Working

for

a

company that is thought of as being one of the best in the community (because of its

reputation

for

quality,

perhaps,

or

the

technical

sophistication

of

its

products,

or

its

working conditions, or its social conscience) can provide employees with both status

and self-confidence. They assume, usually with good reason, that others regard them

more highly, even envy them, and that they are more astute and competent than the

average because of this association with a "winner", a prestigious institution. We in

truth bask in the reflected glory of the institution, and we seek ways of asserting our

membership so that others will know and can recognize our good fortune.

在团队和工作小组之上还有一个机构，

无论它是一个公司、

一家医院或一所大学。

归属于一个协作良好的成功团队的自豪感，同样可以从一个更大的集体中获得。

为一家被认为是界内最好的公司之一

（因其良好的产品质量、

高精尖的产品技术、

优厚的工作条件或社会责任心）

工作会给雇员带来一种地位和自信心。

他们一般

很有理由地认为，因为自己是一个“胜家”公司、受人尊敬的机构的一员，人们

会高看甚至嫉妒他们，

而自己也比一般的人更精明更有能力。

我们确实是沐浴在

由机构反射出来的荣誉中，

而我们也会想方设法维护自己的成员关系，

使别人知

道且能认识到我们的好运气。

英语专业毕业之后可以做老师、翻译、外贸或公务员，详细介绍如下：

1、如果你愿意去读研的话，那么以后几乎你想读什么就能读什么。据我所知，即便是转专业，也有去学计算机的（我贸大前校长陈准民老师），有去学金融的（我隔壁寝室的哥们），有去学管理学的（我本人），等等等等。至于去读跟英语相关专业的人，诸如口译笔译同传新闻之类的，那更数不胜数了。如果你对英语不那么感兴趣，而对其他专业很感兴趣，你又愿意付出努力的话，那么读个研，无论在国内还是国外都是不错的选择。如果要读研的话，本人更推荐去国外读研，用我老师的话说，学英语的人最好还是出去看看。

2.如果你不愿意再读书了，想直接工作，而且又想去做些多少跟自己专业有关的工作，那么大体有如下几项：

a. 教育类相关：包括正规学校的教师，各种培训机构的教师，留学中介等。总之要进正规学校做老师对自身实力要求是非常高的（包括专业水平和人脉）。至于教师资格证？那只是最最基本的门槛而已。

b.外贸企业：鉴于本人目前正在这个行业里混，所以知道地还算比较清楚啦。外贸企业的相关岗位对英语水平要求高吗？答案是大部分要求不高，小部分要求高。一般来说，现在我们跟国外客户都是用邮件往来的。邮件里对语法啊什么的要求也不太高。我觉得正常的大学生基本都能胜任，基本就是些日常用语加一些贸易术语，没什么技术含量。

c.翻译公司：去翻译公司做同传/口译/笔译，前期投入专业要求学历要求和相应的待遇依次降低。

d.公务员：对于应届生来说，要考公务员的话就去翻你想考的省市或国家公务员的报考要求好了，应届生是根据专业报名的，你对应的专业也就那么几个岗位能报。